The operation of a liquid ring vacuum pump is based on the centrifugal force principle and the interaction between a rotating impeller and a liquid seal (typically water or another compatible liquid).

• Impeller Rotation:
  The pump consists of a multi-bladed impeller mounted eccentrically inside a cylindrical casing. As the impeller rotates, the blades trap pockets of gas.
• Liquid Seal Formation:
  A sealing liquid (commonly water, oil, or a process-compatible fluid) is introduced into the casing. Under centrifugal force, this liquid forms a rotating “liquid ring” against the casing walls.
• Variable Compression Chambers:
  Because the impeller is off-center, the liquid ring is closer to the impeller hub on one side and farther on the other. This creates variable volume chambers between the impeller blades.
• Suction Phase:
  As the volume between the impeller blades increases, gas is drawn into the chamber through the suction port.
• Compression and Discharge:
  As the impeller rotates further, the trapped gas is compressed by the liquid ring as the chamber volume decreases. This compressed gas is then expelled through the discharge port.

This continuous cycle of suction, compression, and discharge enables the pump to generate vacuum or compress gas depending on system configuration.